Crime, Culpability And The Adolescent Brain By Mary Beckman

The United States has an ever growing crime rate. As violent society is today, no one can possibly be surprised that the topic of capital punishment for adolescents made it up to the highest courts for jurisdiction. Up to the decision that deemed capital punishment for adolescents â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment,† there was much debate as to whether an adolescent could truly be tried as an adult. Because the frontal lobe of an individual’s brain is not fully developed, many scientists claim that an adolescent does not have the capacity to be a culpable criminal. The article â€Å"Crime, Culpability and the Adolescent Brain† by Mary Beckman, written in July of 2004 before the decision of the Supreme Court, discusses briefly the Roper v. Simmons case before delving into the scientific evidence of why an adolescent criminal cannot be on par with an adult criminal due to their brain structure. In turn, it was a composition of why scientists were hoping that the Supreme Court would consider the science behind the adolescent’s brain development before making their decision. The second article was written by David Stout the day that the Supreme Court made their decision, and it specifically discusses the background of the case and how the justices came up with their verdict. While some of the justices agreed with the scientific and psychological view, some also agreed that, logically, certain adolescents do deserve the death penalty if their crimes meet the standards of deserving theShow MoreRelatedControversy Over The Death Penalty21 47 Words   |  9 Pageslegally convicted of a capital crime. This is the only punishment that leaves room for no mistakes. The death penalty system buries its worst mistakes. Although the opponents of capital punishment believe it to be immortal, advocates of capital punishment have proven it to be effective and ethically correct. The death penalty should be enforced on those who have been convicted for such a heinous crime; it is the ultimate penalty for one who has committed the ultimate crime. The death penalty was

Team Contract Example - 1117 Words

Strategic Management Consults Melanie Lee Art Marohl Kelly Scott Mckee Summer Hickey Rhonda Jensen Busn 460 Senior Project DeVry University Professor Mozinski 07/15/12 BUSN460 Team Contract Our team name is Strategic Management Consultants. Our goal is to work well together, complete each task as stated in this contract. If one of our team members fails to stick to this agreement our team will step up and meet or exceed each goal necessary to complete this task. Section I: Team Member Skill Inventory. Name | Strengths/Contributions | Not so strong areas | Rhonda Jensen | Research/I can contribute in any aspect but my strength is finding information and sending it out. | Grammar check | Melanie Lee | I am good at†¦show more content†¦Section IV: Team Goals hat are your team goals? (These may include project assignment goals, group process goals, quality level goals, etc.) All of us expect no less than â€Å"A† quality work. All assignments will need to be turned in at the appropriate time; all work will be done and reviewed by team leaders each week. We will stay on track and meet or exceed our goals. * What are potential barriers to the achievement o f these goals? How will you overcome these potential barriers? Potential barriers are work schedules meeting with the team members in order to get our work completed. We all have different time zones and different work hours. This will pose a challenge. Teammates that is not like minded. Use Microsoft Word Insert Command to insert the Team Leader roster | | Leader Weeks | Leader Weeks | | TEAM B | | | | | Rhonda | Jensen | 1 | 6 | | Melanie | Lee | 2 | 7 | | Arthur | Marohl | 3 | 8 | | Summer | Hickey | 4 | | | Kelley S. | Mckee | 5 | | | Back up leaders will be the next leader listed for that week and will need to lead for two weeks. The team contract must be signed by every member of the team before submitting it individually to your Drop box. Name | Signature to agree | Date | Rhonda Jensen | Rhonda Jensen | 07/09/12 | Melanie Lee | Melanie Lee | 07/09/12 | Arthur Marohl | Arthur Marohl | 07/09/12 | Kelly Scott Mckee | Kelly Scott Mckee | 07/10/12 | Summer Hickey | Summer Hickey |Show MoreRelatedMy Knowledge Of The Contract Documentation Relevant1207 Words   |  5 PagesI have developed my knowledge of the contract documentation relevant to our industry through my graduate training, reading on the subject and by learning about the types of contracts used on the project I work on. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties which can be enforced in court. It must include offer, acceptance, consideration and the intention to create a legal relationship. It defines the rights and obligations of all parties, such as the scope of works and payments. 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This project will discuss what the main roles are of team leaders and event managers, definitions of a team leader/manager and the psychological contract and there importanceRead MoreThe Five Functions Of Management1572 Words   |  7 Pagesis a contract based company that provides technical support to a variety of customers through a cloud system to replace any IT information needed. In a business such as mine, the practices of planning, leading, organizing, staffing and controlling are all equally important. Each function has its own place and use in both a conjunction with other practices or on its own. In this paper, I will go into depth on how each practice is used either by me or by my other co-workers that make up our team. ARead MoreContents. Introduction2. Strengths4. Obstacles4. External1723 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Contents Introduction 2 Strengths 4 Obstacles 4 External Obstacles 4 Internal Obstacles 4 Challenges 5 1. Contract Outcomes 5 2. Guidelines 5 3. 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For example, â€Å"In 1964 Jim Ringo brought his financial advisor (agent) to help negotiate a contract with Vince Lombardi of the Green Bay Packers. Lombardi excused himself for a minute, when he returned he told the agent that he was negotiating with the wrong team (Masteralexis, 244).† Agents had been around since prior

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-six Free Essays

Tyrion Chella daughter of Cheyk of the Black Ears had gone ahead to scout, and it was she who brought back word of the army at the crossroads. â€Å"By their fires I call them twenty thousand strong,† she said. â€Å"Their banners are red, with a golden lion. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-six or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Your father?† Bronn asked. â€Å"Or my brother Jaime,† Tyrion said. â€Å"We shall know soon enough.† He surveyed his ragged band of brigands: near three hundred Stone Crows, Moon Brothers, Black Ears, and Burned Men, and those just the seed of the army he hoped to grow. Gunthor son of Gurn was raising the other clans even now. He wondered what his lord father would make of them in their skins and bits of stolen steel. If truth be told, he did not know what to make of them himself. Was he their commander or their captive? Most of the time, it seemed to be a little of both. â€Å"It might be best if I rode down alone,† he suggested. â€Å"Best for Tyrion son of Tywin,† said Ulf, who spoke for the Moon Brothers. Shagga glowered, a fearsome sight to see. â€Å"Shagga son of Dolf likes this not. Shagga will go with the boyman, and if the boyman lies, Shagga will chop off his manhood—† â€Å"—and feed it to the goats, yes,† Tyrion said wearily. â€Å"Shagga, I give you my word as a Lannister, I will return.† â€Å"Why should we trust your word?† Chella was a small hard woman, flat as a boy, and no fool. â€Å"Lowland lords have lied to the clans before.† â€Å"You wound me, Chella,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Here I thought we had become such friends. But as you will. You shall ride with me, and Shagga and Conn for the Stone Crows, Ulf for the Moon Brothers, and Timett son of Timett for the Burned Men.† The clansmen exchanged wary looks as he named them. â€Å"The rest shall wait here until I send for you. Try not to kill and maim each other while I’m gone.† He put his heels to his horse and trotted off, giving them no choice but to follow or be left behind. Either was fine with him, so long as they did not sit down to talk for a day and a night. That was the trouble with the clans; they had an absurd notion that every man’s voice should be heard in council, so they argued about everything, endlessly. Even their women were allowed to speak. Small wonder that it had been hundreds of years since they last threatened the Vale with anything beyond an occasional raid. Tyrion meant to change that. Brorm rode with him. Behind them—after a quick bit of grumbling—the five clansmen followed on their undersize garrons, scrawny things that looked like ponies and scrambled up rock walls like goats. The Stone Crows rode together, and Chella and Ulf stayed close as well, as the Moon Brothers and Black Ears had strong bonds between them. Timett son of Timett rode alone. Every clan in the Mountains of the Moon feared the Burned Men, who mortified their flesh with fire to prove their courage and (the others said) roasted babies at their feasts. And even the other Burned Men feared Timett, who had put out his own left eye with a white-hot knife when he reached the age of manhood. Tyrion gathered that it was more customary for a boy to burn off a nipple, a finger, or (if he was truly brave, or truly mad) an ear. Timett’s fellow Burned Men were so awed by his choice of an eye that they promptly named him a red hand, which seemed to be some sort of a war chief. â€Å"I wonder what their king burned off,† Tyrion said to Bronn when he heard the tale. Grinning, the sellsword had tugged at his crotch . . . but even Bronn kept a respectful tongue around Timett. If a man was mad enough to put out his own eye, he was unlikely to be gentle to his enemies. Distant watchers peered down from towers of unmortared stone as the party descended through the foothills, and once Tyrion saw a raven take wing. Where the high road twisted between two rocky outcrops, they came to the first strong point. A low earthen wall four feet high closed off the road, and a dozen crossbowmen manned the heights. Tyrion halted his followers out of range and rode to the wall alone. â€Å"Who commands here?† he shouted up. The captain was quick to appear, and even quicker to give them an escort when he recognized his lord’s son. They trotted past blackened fields and burned holdfasts, down to the riverlands and the Green Fork of the Trident. Tyrion saw no bodies, but the air was full of ravens and carrion crows; there had been fighting here, and recently. Half a league from the crossroads, a barricade of sharpened stakes had been erected, manned by pikemen and archers. Behind the line, the camp spread out to the far distance. Thin fingers of smoke rose from hundreds of cookfires, mailed men sat under trees and honed their blades, and familiar banners fluttered from staffs thrust into the muddy ground. A party of mounted horsemen rode forward to challenge them as they approached the stakes. The knight who led them wore silver armor inlaid with amethysts and a striped purple-and-silver cloak. His shield bore a unicorn sigil, and a spiral horn two feet long jutted up from the brow of his horsehead helm. Tyrion reined up to greet him. â€Å"Ser Flement.† Ser Flement Brax lifted his visor. â€Å"Tyrion,† he said in astonishment. â€Å"My lord, we all feared you dead, or . . . † He looked at the clansmen uncertainly. â€Å"These . . . companions of yours . . . â€Å" â€Å"Bosom friends and loyal retainers,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Where will I find my lord father?† â€Å"He has taken the inn at the crossroads for his quarters.† Tyrion laughed. The inn at the crossroads! Perhaps the gods were just after all. â€Å"I will see him at once.† â€Å"As you say, my lord.† Ser Flement wheeled his horse about and shouted commands. Three rows of stakes were pulled from the ground to make a hole in the line. Tyrion led his party through. Lord Tywin’s camp spread over leagues. Chella’s estimate of twenty thousand men could not be far wrong. The common men camped out in the open, but the knights had thrown up tents, and some of the high lords had erected pavilions as large as houses. Tyrion spied the red ox of the Presters, Lord Crakehall’s brindled boar, the burning tree of Marbrand, the badger of Lydden. Knights called out to him as he cantered past, and men-at-arms gaped at the clansmen in open astonishment. Shagga was gaping back; beyond a certainty, he had never seen so many men, horses, and weapons in all his days. The rest of the mountain brigands did a better job of guarding their faces, but Tyrion had no doubts that they were full as much in awe. Better and better. The more impressed they were with the power of the Lannisters, the easier they would be to command. The inn and its stables were much as he remembered, though little more than tumbled stones and blackened foundations remained where the rest of the village had stood. A gibbet had been erected in the yard, and the body that swung there was covered with ravens. At Tyrion’s approach they took to the air, squawking and flapping their black wings. He dismounted and glanced up at what remained of the corpse. The birds had eaten her lips and eyes and most of her cheeks, baring her stained red teeth in a hideous smile. â€Å"A room, a meal, and a flagon of wine, that was all I asked,† he reminded her with a sigh of reproach. Boys emerged hesitantly from the stables to see to their horses. Shagga did not want to give his up. â€Å"The lad won’t steal your mare,† Tyrion assured him. â€Å"He only wants to give her some oats and water and brush out her coat.† Shagga’s coat could have used a good brushing too, but it would have been less than tactful to mention it. â€Å"You have my word, the horse will not be harmed.† Glaring, Shagga let go his grip on the reins. â€Å"This is the horse of Shagga son of Dolf,† he roared at the stableboy. â€Å"If he doesn’t give her back, chop off his manhood and feed it to the goats,† Tyrion promised. â€Å"Provided you can find some.† A pair of house guards in crimson cloaks and lion-crested helms stood under the inn’s sign, on either side of the door. Tyrion recognized their captain. â€Å"My father?† â€Å"In the common room, m’lord.† â€Å"My men will want meat and mead,† Tyrion told him. â€Å"See that they get it.† He entered the inn, and there was Father. Tywin Lannister, Lord of Casterly Rock and Warden of the West, was in his middle fifties, yet hard as a man of twenty. Even seated, he was tall, with long legs, broad shoulders, a flat stomach. His thin arms were corded with muscle. When his once-thick golden hair had begun to recede, he had commanded his barber to shave his head; Lord Tywin did not believe in half measures. He razored his lip and chin as well, but kept his side-whiskers, two great thickets of wiry golden hair that covered most of his cheeks from ear to jaw. His eyes were a pale green, flecked with gold. A fool more foolish than most had once jested that even Lord Tywin’s shit was flecked with gold. Some said the man was still alive, deep in the bowels of Casterly Rock. Ser Kevan Lannister, his father’s only surviving brother, was sharing a flagon of ale with Lord Tywin when Tyrion entered the common room. His uncle was portly and balding, with a close-cropped yellow beard that followed the line of his massive jaw. Ser Kevan saw him first. â€Å"Tyrion,† he said in surprise. â€Å"Uncle,† Tyrion said, bowing. â€Å"And my lord father. What a pleasure to find you here.† Lord Tywin did not stir from his chair, but he did give his dwarf son a long, searching look. â€Å"I see that the rumors of your demise were unfounded.† â€Å"Sorry to disappoint you, Father,† Tyrion said. â€Å"No need to leap up and embrace me, I wouldn’t want you to strain yourself.† He crossed the room to their table, acutely conscious of the way his stunted legs made him waddle with every step. Whenever his father’s eyes were on him, he became uncomfortably aware of all his deformities and shortcomings. â€Å"Kind of you to go to war for me,† he said as he climbed into a chair and helped himself to a cup of his father’s ale. â€Å"By my lights, it was you who started this,† Lord Tywin replied. â€Å"Your brother Jaime would never have meekly submitted to capture at the hands of a woman.† â€Å"That’s one way we differ, Jaime and I. He’s taller as well, you may have noticed.† His father ignored the sally. â€Å"The honor of our House was at stake. I had no choice but to ride. No man sheds Lannister blood with impunity.† â€Å"Hear Me Roar,† Tyrion said, grinning. The Lannister words. â€Å"Truth be told, none of my blood was actually shed, although it was a close thing once or twice. Morrec and Jyck were killed.† â€Å"I suppose you will be wanting some new men.† â€Å"Don’t trouble yourself, Father, I’ve acquired a few of my own.† He tried a swallow of the ale. It was brown and yeasty, so thick you could almost chew it. Very fine, in truth. A pity his father had hanged the innkeep. â€Å"How is your war going?† His uncle answered. â€Å"Well enough, for the nonce. Ser Edmure had scattered small troops of men along his borders to stop our raiding, and your lord father and I were able to destroy most of them piecemeal before they could regroup.† â€Å"Your brother has been covering himself with glory,† his father said. â€Å"He smashed the Lords Vance and Piper at the Golden Tooth, and met the massed power of the Tullys under the walls of Riverrun. The lords of the Trident have been put to rout. Ser Edmure Tully was taken captive, with many of his knights and bannermen. Lord Blackwood led a few survivors back to Riverrun, where Jaime has them under siege. The rest fled to their own strongholds.† â€Å"Your father and I have been marching on each in turn,† Ser Kevan said. â€Å"With Lord Blackwood gone, Raventree fell at once, and Lady Whent yielded Harrenhal for want of men to defend it. Ser Gregor burnt out the Pipers and the Brackens . . . â€Å" â€Å"Leaving you unopposed?† Tyrion said. â€Å"Not wholly,† Ser Kevan said. â€Å"The Mallisters still hold Seagard and Walder Frey is marshaling his levies at the Twins.† â€Å"No matter,† Lord Tywin said. â€Å"Frey only takes the field when the scent of victory is in the air, and all he smells now is ruin. And Jason Mallister lacks the strength to fight alone. Once Jaime takes Riverrun, they will both be quick enough to bend the knee. Unless the Starks and the Arryns come forth to oppose us, this war is good as won.† â€Å"I would not fret overmuch about the Arryns if I were you,† Tyrion said. â€Å"The Starks are another matter. Lord Eddard—† â€Å"—is our hostage,† his father said. â€Å"He will lead no armies while he rots in a dungeon under the Red Keep.† â€Å"No,† Ser Kevan agreed, â€Å"but his son has called the banners and sits at Moat Cailin with a strong host around him.† â€Å"No sword is strong until it’s been tempered,† Lord Tywin declared. â€Å"The Stark boy is a child. No doubt he likes the sound of warhorns well enough, and the sight of his banners fluttering in the wind, but in the end it comes down to butcher’s work. I doubt he has the stomach for it.† Things had gotten interesting while he’d been away, Tyrion reflected. â€Å"And what is our fearless monarch doing whilst all this ‘butcher’s work’ is being done?† he wondered. â€Å"How has my lovely and persuasive sister gotten Robert to agree to the imprisonment of his dear friend Ned?† â€Å"Robert Baratheon is dead,† his father told him. â€Å"Your nephew reigns in King’s Landing.† That did take Tyrion aback. â€Å"My sister, you mean.† He took another gulp of ale. The realm would be a much different place with Cersei ruling in place of her husband. â€Å"If you have a mind to make yourself of use, I will give you a command,† his father said. â€Å"Marq Piper and Karyl Vance are loose in our rear, raiding our lands across the Red Fork.† Tyrion made a tsking sound. â€Å"The gall of them, fighting back. Ordinarily I’d be glad to punish such rudeness, Father, but the truth is, I have pressing business elsewhere.† â€Å"Do you?† Lord Tywin did not seem awed. â€Å"We also have a pair of Ned Stark’s afterthoughts making a nuisance of themselves by harassing my foraging parties. Beric Dondarrion, some young lordling with delusions of valor. He has that fat jape of a priest with him, the one who likes to set his sword on fire. Do you think you might be able to deal with them as you scamper off? Without making too much a botch of it?† Tyrion wiped his mouth with the back of his hand and smiled. â€Å"Father, it warms my heart to think that you might entrust me with . . . what, twenty men? Fifty? Are you sure you can spare so many? Well, no matter. If I should come across Thoros and Lord Beric, I shall spank them both.† He climbed down from his chair and waddled to the sideboard, where a wheel of veined white cheese sat surrounded by fruit. â€Å"First, though, I have some promises of my own to keep,† he said as he sliced off a wedge. â€Å"I shall require three thousand helms and as many hauberks, plus swords, pikes, steel spearheads, maces, battleaxes, gauntlets, gorgets, greaves, breastplates, wagons to carry all this—† The door behind him opened with a crash, so violently that Tyrion almost dropped his cheese. Ser Kevan leapt up swearing as the captain of the guard went flying across the room to smash against the hearth. As he tumbled down into the cold ashes, his lion helm askew, Shagga snapped the man’s sword in two over a knee thick as a tree trunk, threw down the pieces, and lumbered into the common room. He was preceded by his stench, riper than the cheese and overpowering in the closed space. â€Å"Little redcape,† he snarled, â€Å"when next you bare steel on Shagga son of Dolf, I will chop off your manhood and roast it in the fire.† â€Å"What, no goats?† Tyrion said, taking a bite of cheese. The other clansmen followed Shagga into the common room, Bronn with them. The sellsword gave Tyrion a rueful shrug. â€Å"Who might you be?† Lord Tywin asked, cool as snow. â€Å"They followed me home, Father,† Tyrion explained. â€Å"May I keep them? They don’t eat much.† No one was smiling. â€Å"By what right do you savages intrude on our councils?† demanded Ser Kevan. â€Å"Savages, lowlander?† Conn might have been handsome if you washed him. â€Å"We are free men, and free men by rights sit on all war councils.† â€Å"Which one is the lion lord?† Chella asked. â€Å"They are both old men,† announced Timett son of Timett, who had yet to see his twentieth year. Ser Kevan’s hand went to his sword hilt, but his brother placed two fingers on his wrist and held him fast. Lord Tywin seemed unperturbed. â€Å"Tyrion, have you forgotten your courtesies? Kindly acquaint us with our . . . honored guests.† Tyrion licked his fingers. â€Å"With pleasure,† he said. â€Å"The fair maid is Chella daughter of Cheyk of the Black Ears.† â€Å"I’m no maid,† Chella protested. â€Å"My sons have taken fifty ears among them.† â€Å"May they take fifty more.† Tyrion waddled away from her. â€Å"This is Conn son of Coratt. Shagga son of Dolf is the one who looks like Casterly Rock with hair. They are Stone Crows. Here is Ulf son of Umar of the Moon Brothers, and here Timett son of Timett, a red hand of the Burned Men. And this is Bronn, a sellsword of no particular allegiance. He has already changed sides twice in the short time I’ve known him, you and he ought to get on famously, Father.† To Bronn and the clansmen he said, â€Å"May I present my lord father, Tywin son of Tytos of House Lannister, Lord of Casterly Rock, Warden of the West, Shield of Lannisport, and once and future Hand of the King.† Lord Tywin rose, dignified and correct. â€Å"Even in the west, we know the prowess of the warrior clans of the Mountains of the Moon. What brings you down from your strongholds, my lords?† â€Å"Horses,† said Shagga. â€Å"A promise of silk and steel,† said Timett son of Timett. Tyrion was about to tell his lord father how he proposed to reduce the Vale of Arryn to a smoking wasteland, but he was never given the chance. The door banged open again. The messenger gave Tyrion’s clansmen a quick, queer look as he dropped to one knee before Lord Tywin. â€Å"My lord,† he said, â€Å"Ser Addam bid me tell you that the Stark host is moving down the causeway.† Lord Tywin Lannister did not smile. Lord Tywin never smiled, but Tyrion had learned to read his father’s pleasure all the same, and it was there on his face. â€Å"So the wolfling is leaving his den to play among the lions,† he said in a voice of quiet satisfaction. â€Å"Splendid. Return to Ser Addam and tell him to fall back. He is not to engage the northerners until we arrive, but I want him to harass their flanks and draw them farther south.† â€Å"It will be as you command.† The rider took his leave. â€Å"We are well situated here,† Ser Kevan pointed out. â€Å"Close to the ford and ringed by pits and spikes. If they are coming south, I say let them come, and break themselves against us.† â€Å"The boy may hang back or lose his courage when he sees our numbers,† Lord Tywin replied. â€Å"The sooner the Starks are broken, the sooner I shall be free to deal with Stannis Baratheon. Tell the drummers to beat assembly, and send word to Jaime that I am marching against Robb Stark.† â€Å"As you will,† Ser Kevan said. Tyrion watched with a grim fascination as his lord father turned next to the half-wild clansmen. â€Å"It is said that the men of the mountain clans are warriors without fear.† â€Å"It is said truly,† Conn of the Stone Crows answered. â€Å"And the women,† Chella added. â€Å"Ride with me against my enemies, and you shall have all my son promised you, and more,† Lord Tywin told them. â€Å"Would you pay us with our own coin?† Ulf son of Umar said. â€Å"Why should we need the father’s promise, when we have the son’s?† â€Å"I said nothing of need,† Lord Tywin replied. â€Å"My words were courtesy, nothing more. You need not join us. The men of the winterlands are made of iron and ice, and even my boldest knights fear to face them.† Oh, deftly done, Tyrion thought, smiling crookedly. â€Å"The Burned Men fear nothing. Timett son of Timett will ride with the lions.† â€Å"Wherever the Burned Men go, the Stone Crows have been there first,† Conn declared hotly. â€Å"We ride as well.† â€Å"Shagga son of Dolf will chop off their manhoods and feed them to the crows.† â€Å"We will ride with you, lion lord,† Chella daughter of Cheyk agreed, â€Å"but only if your halfman son goes with us. He has bought his breath with promises. Until we hold the steel he has pledged us, his life is ours.† Lord Tywin turned his gold-flecked eyes on his son. â€Å"Joy,† Tyrion said with a resigned smile. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-six, Essay examples

Managing Organization

Question: Describe about the environment of an organization. Answer: At present days, the environment of an organization where it is operated is becoming more complex and changeable. Therefore, the theorists even cannot ignore its impact on the structure of the organization and its function. An open system is defined as a system that exchanges the feedback with the external environment regularly (Griffin 2013). For the open systems, inputs, outputs, processes, assessment, goals and evaluation all are important and plays a vital role in an organization. The most important aspects that are necessary for the open systems involve external environment, boundaries and equifinality. According to the Open System Theory, an organization is surrounded by its environment, where the resources are imported from the particular environment and the services and the products are exported to the environment. Opined to Giraldi and Petruccione (2012), in the earlier period, the environment was not considered as an important variable in order to take into consideration at the moment of describing the function and structure of an organization. All the systems that come into contact with the environment are all considered as the open systems and when the management of an organization implements this system within an organization in order to run the business successfully, it is termed as Open System management approach model. The characteristics of the open systems that is applied and implemented to the organization include: Firstly, the open systems help in importing the resources from the environment in the form of information, raw material and energy. Secondly, all these resources are transformed in order to serve a service or to produce a product. Thirdly, the services that are provided or the products that are produced are exported back to the systems environment. Fourthly, the reaction of the environment is then fed back as an input to the system and therefore it completes a cycle. Fifthly, the negative entropy characterizes the open systems that are obtained by acquiring huge resources in order to replace the spent ones. Sixthly, the systems can obtain a state of equilibrium by vibrant homeostasis and also by monitoring the environment carefully (Hellriegel 2012). Seventhly, the increasing elaboration and differentiation is also considered as the characteristic of the open systems. Eighthly, the systems are considered hierarchical and are made up of various subsystems that exist in relatively larg er systems. Every single subsystem has prominent and clear boundaries (Tracy 2014). Lastly, the open systems are distinguished by the principle of equifinality. This principle of equifinality is defined as a system that can reach the similar final state from the point of differentiating the initial situation and also by several types of paths. It can also be said that there is no single way that can be considered as the best one in order to organize, differentiate situations that generally lead to various ways of organizing. Therefore, it can be said that the theory of open systems do not negate entirely the prior theories of organization. Nevertheless, this mainly put emphasizes on the vital role of the environment in order to determine the performance of the organization and the structure of the organization (Schermerhorn 2013). Nowadays, it has been found that there are many organizations that failed to survive still after implementing the open system management approach model. I have recently been an intern in an organization and was doing my internship. From there I have gained practical knowledge that is totally different from the theoretical knowledge. This practical knowledge will help me in my future. During my internship, I have gained an experience and have also acquired practical knowledge that helped me to understand the reason for which some of the organizations fail to run successfully even after implementing Open systems within the firm. I have learned from the operation and regulation of the organization that open system theory should be implemented within some specific departments like the department of marketing and human resource management. As this system helps to gather data and also to analyze them in order to increase the sales of the firm. Additionally, the innovative ideas of the employees also help the firm to modify or produce some new products or services. Similarly, by collecting more data the HR managers can easily resolve the co nflict within the organization and thus can run the organization successfully. However, the departments like research and development should not implement the open system theory as the free flow of information might leak the privacy of the organization and thus can cause harm and can affect the firm adversely (Ryerson.ca 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the open system model has both positive and negative aspects. However, the organization should implement it in proper way in order to get the positive result. References Giraldi, F. and Petruccione, F. (2012). Open System Approach to the Internal Dynamics of a Model Multilevel Molecule.Open Syst. Inf. Dyn., 19(02), p.1250011. Griffin, R. (2013).Management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hellriegel, D. (2012).Management. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Ryerson.ca. (2016).ryerson - Ryerson University - Ryerson University. Schermerhorn, J. (2013).Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Tracy, B. (2014).Management. New York: AMACOM.

Marijuana Essays (2176 words) - Herbalism, Medicinal Plants

Marijuana Hemp is the plant called "cannabis sativa" which is more commonly called marijuana. Marijuana has been illegal in the U.S.. ever since the Great Depression. The question we must ask ourselves is "why?" Why is a drug that has so many beneficial uses illegal? Is it because its poisoning the youth of today? Is it because itleads to harder drugs, the health problems, the addictiveness, the short-term memory impairment, the auto accidents,or is it simply because politicians tell us it is for "our own good?" We have grown up learning that marijuana is a terrible drug, and that using it gives us brain damage, kill all of our brain cells, and makes us lose our memory. The fact is though, that marijuana does not effect us in any of the ways listed above. The idea that marijuana impairs short-term memory is true, but misleading. Any signs of short-term memory impairment vanish once the user is no longer intoxicated. Mainly the reason we think marijuana is bad is because that is what the Partnership for a Drug-Free America wants us to believe. They tell us that marijuana will cause brain damage and memory impairment, it will kill brain cells, and lead to more crime. But what they forget to mention is all the benefits we can receive from legalizing marijuana. For example, the medicinal uses, and the textile and construction uses. It is very likely that legalizing marijuana would decrease the crime rate, and by legalizing marijuana we will save a lot of money because we won't have to spend it on fighting marijuana as part of the War on Drugs. There are many habits much worse than marijuana, one example being cigarette smoking. "Tobacco smoking kills more people each year than AIDS, heroin, crack, cocaine, alcohol, car accidents, fire and murder combined. Tobacco smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the US. Tobacco smokers have 10 times the lung cancer of nonsmokers, twice the heart disease, and are three times more likely to die of heart disease if they develop it. Does it make sense that tobacco is legal and marijuana is not, when so many people die from tobacco smoking each year and there is not one reported case of anyone ever dying from marijuana use in its 10,000 years of consumption? You have probably heard that "one joint is that same as 10 cigarettes," but this statement is misleading. ALthough marijuana contains the same amount of carcinogens as an equal amount of tobacco and more tar, tobacco is still worse. Every yr 350,000 Americans die from tobacco-related disease according to the American Lung Association. A tobacco smoker consumes much more tobacco than a marijuana smoker consumes marijuana. This is probably because tobacco has a 90% addiction rate while marijuana is less addictive than caffeine. Also, tobacco contains nicotine that may harden the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart diseases caused by cigarette smoking. Marijuana on the other hand contains the chemical THC which opens up the lungs and aids in the clearance of smoke and dirt. I think it is safe to say that tobacco smoking is much more dangerous than marijuana smoking. Another bad habit is alcohol, which in my opinion is the worst of all. 8,000 American teenagers are killed each year and 40,000 maimed from driving under the influence. The mortality figures for alcohol use are 100,000 annually, compared to the zero marijuana deaths. The amount of marijuana needed to kill someone is 1 to 40,000, while the ratio for alcohol fluctuates between 1 to 4 and 1 to 10. Not only do many people die each year from alcohol poisoning, but alcohol has caused thousands of fatal car accidents. Although, marijuana, when used to the point of intoxication, impairs judgement and reaction time, actual studies suggest that the effect alcohol has on one's driving ability is much greater than that of marijuana. In fact, it is found that 85% of marijuana related car accidents also involved alcohol. It is sad to think that a legal drug like alcohol, the drug of choice for most teens, causes so many fatalities on our highways each year, yet marijuana is the drug that is illegal. I personally feel that marijuana is an amazing plant, and it should be being utilized today. The problem is that most people don't know the benefits that can come from marijuana. There are many different beneficial ways for which marijuana can be used. Marijuana can be used for medical and textile uses, for food,

How To Learn Japanese Well By Yourself †English Composition Informal Essay

How To Learn Japanese Well By Yourself – English Composition Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers How To Learn Japanese Well By Yourself English Composition Informal Essay Nowadays, when it comes to Japan, people would think of its great economic condition and beautiful scenery. Also, most adolescents may think of modern things such as its fashion, music, and dramas, and these are popular among young people. They listen to Japanese songs and watch Japanese dramas, so they would like to sing with the melody and understand the meaning of drama directly without translation. That’s why many young people are apt to learn Japanese. They may go to some language centers like Global Village Language Center to learn Japanese, but it always cost much money. However, if you learn Japanese just for the reasons mentioned above, I will dissuade you from spending much money learning it, for there is a better way to learn Japanese: learn by yourself. Then, how to learn Japanese well by yourself? First, the most important thing is the passion. No matter what you want to learn, the essential thing is whether you have the passion toward what you want to learn. When you encounter frustration and feel depressed, the passion can support you, can give you the power to go on. If you don’t have the passion, even a smallest setback can discourage you like a barrier getting in your way to block you. Now you have the passion, and then the second thing you need is a good conference book. The ideal one should contain texts, analysis of grammar, exercises, and tapes or CDs. And how to use it? You should read the text of the lesson first. After that, listen to the tape or CD, read the text again, and try to imitate the intonation. Then, read the analysis of grammar. Remember to do the exercises and check your answers. You will know what you still don’t understand. Look the grammar again and make sure that you have understood the w hole lesson. Third, a good dictionary is necessary for learning Japanese on your own. When learning Japanese, you will meet many words you don’t understand. Each time this occurred, you have to consult the dictionary. Therefore, a good dictionary is dispensable. What are mentioned above are three main things you should have to learn Japanese. There are also some other ways that can improve your Japanese and speed your learning. Take myself for example. The way I touched Japanese for the first time was listening to Japanese songs. I can still remember the first album I bought: Sweet Nineteen Blues by Namie Amuro. When I listened to it, I wanted to sing with the voice. I looked at the lyrics and memorized some letters’ sounds, but there were still many letters that I didn’t know how to pronounce. Then I happened to find that my father had learned Japanese and had a book about it, so I read the book to memorize the other letters. Finally, I could read all of the letters except Chinese words in Japanese. Listening to Japanese songs is really an efficient way of memorizing its letters and it won’t take much time. You can also read Japanese magazines or watch Japanese dramas. The two are also good ways for you to improve your Japanese. To sum up, as long as you can follow the procedure step by step, you must be able to learn Japanese well by yourself. In doing so, you can actually learn not only Japanese but also other languages well. And remember, passion is the most important thing when you learn everything, so don’t let your passion fade away. Then you can achieve everything successfully. Research Papers on How To Learn Japanese Well By Yourself - English Composition Informal EssayHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of India

Computer Control Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer Control Systems - Assignment Example The number of right-half plane roots of the characteristic equation (closed-loop poles) is given by the number of sign changes in the first column of the array. By inspection, there are no sign changes. There are no roots with positive real parts. Since the array was constructed without a 0 appearing anywhere in the first column, there are no roots on the jw axis. The second system is slightly more complex, but the Routh array is formed in the same manner. Note that the number of terms in each row decreases by 1 at each odd-powered row, and that the last element in each even-powered row is the constant coefficient from the characteristic equation. Since there are no sign changes, there are no roots in the right-half plane. There are no roots on the jw axis since there were no 0s in the first column. The third system is the same as the second system except that the gain has been increased by a factor of 10. Note that several of the coefficients in the characteristic equation have changed. Also note that there is a negative coefficient in the polynomial. That guarantees that there is at least one unstable root. Since the constant coefficient is positive, there is an even number of unstable roots. Examination of the first column of the array shows that there are 2 sign changes, from +761.7 to -355.5 and from -355.5 to +120. Therefore, there are 2 roots of the characteristic equation with positive real parts and 2 closed-loop poles in the right-half plane. The location of those roots is not available. ... The number of right-half plane roots of the characteristic equation (closed-loop poles) is given by the number of sign changes in the first column of the array. By inspection, there are no sign changes. Therefore, there are no roots with positive real parts. Since the array was constructed without a 0 appearing anywhere in the first column, there are no roots on the jw axis. The second system is slightly more complex, but the Routh array is formed in the same manner. Note that the number of terms in each row decreases by 1 at each odd-powered row, and that the last element in each even-powered row is the constant coefficient from the characteristic equation. Since there are no sign changes, there are no roots in the right-half plane. There are no roots on the jw axis since there were no 0s in the first column. The third system is the same as the second system except that the gain has been increased by a factor of 10. Note that several of the coefficients in the characteristic equation have changed. Also note that there is a negative coefficient in the polynomial. That guarantees that there is at least one unstable root. Since the constant coefficient is positive, there is an even number of unstable roots. Examination of the first column of the array shows that there are 2 sign changes, from +761.7 to -355.5 and from -355.5 to +120. Therefore, there are 2 roots of the characteristic equation with positive real parts and 2 closed-loop poles in the right-half plane. The location of those roots is not available from the Routh array. Since there were no 0s in the first column, there are no poles on the jw axis. The last system has its gain K left as a variable. We want to determine the upper and lower bounds on K

Conflict within Mcdonalds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict within Mcdonalds - Essay Example Conflict can turn out to be either positive or negative depending on how it is managed. Conflict is part of our everyday life but conflict can turn out to be functional or negative depending on how the people involved in the conflict handle the conflict Van (Gramberg, 2005). This type of conflict is beneficial to McDonalds due to the fact that it supports the corporation’s goals. It helps to improve performance within the corporation by finding solutions to problems and listening to one another (Collins, & ORourke, 2009). A good example of a positive conflict within McDonalds is competition. This conflict can occur when sales agents within McDonalds compete to become the top sales person. The winner will feel motivated to work harder and the losers will feel even more motivated to become the best. This type of competition is beneficial to the organization as it helps the organization make more sales. These types of conflicts bring disagreements and disputes that affect the corporation’s performance. Such type of conflict causes rifts within various sections of the company (Van Gramberg, 2005). A good example of negative conflict within McDonalds is when an employee verbally, sexually or physical harasses another employee. This will bring bad blood between the employees and they will be unwilling to work together. This will affect their performance as well as the general performance of the organization. Organizational conflict can be caused by managerial expectations. This occurs when an employee is unable to meet the expectations of his or her manager. Communication breakdown is another cause of workplace conflict (Collins, & ORourke, 2009). This occurs when one department within McDonalds fails or is late in responding to information from another department. Misunderstanding information also causes workplace conflict.

Selecting venuse for an academic conference Dissertation

Selecting venuse for an academic conference - Dissertation Example On the average these facilities range from three star, to five star facilities with regards to the kind and class of service provided (Van-der Wagen, 2006). The major distinctions of these facilities are mainly in line with their physical locations in relation to some of Central London’s attractions, airports, train stations, and other facilities that might attract the guests who attend the conference. Specific considerations that were factored in this selection process included the distance from major airports and train stations. This was important since the one-day event relied heavily on punctuality. Central London Famous Facilities Many conference facilities in Central London have suited their conference spaces with the architectural flexibility that allows both small and large conferences. Some of these facilities are complete with break out rooms, state of the art audio visual systems, and lecture theatres. The variations across many of these hotels and guest house are m ainly in form of style and incentives. The academic conference was tailored on a cost-effective system that would allow the guests to enjoy quality catering of simple but sumptuous buffets. In this process ten facilities were considered so that the best three facilities were arrived at after competitive bidding. The sampled facilities included The Cinnamon Club, The British Academy, The UK Supreme Court, the Grange Rochester Hotel, the 8 Northumberland, Royal Institute of British Architects, the Number 45 Millbank, the 116 Pallmall- Home of the Institute of Directors, the One Great George Street, and the Bafta. These facilities are situated close to some of the grand attractions such as the West Minster’s Abbey and other historical and aesthetical delights of Central London. The academic conference selection was arrived at through a delicate consideration system that sought a balance between the proximity of the heart of Central London versus the need for the most serene and quiet environment that would align well with the demands of an academic gathering. The most ideal location therefore was made in according with the distance away from the bustle of the city, low industrial noise, and the cacophony of heavy London traffic. After a general assessment was done three facilities out of the mentioned ten passed the threshold for utility and convenience because of some of their unique features and flexibility in their pricing regimes. These were The Cinnamon Club, The British Academy, and Central Hall Westminster. The Cinnamon Club The Cinnamon Club has an ambience suitable for academic conferencing. Its conference room is spacious and fitted with state of the art audio visual. The conference rooms are partitioned according to the specifics of utility. They are mainly in the form of executive, leisure, and academic. The executive sections are made up with the oak paneled facilities that vibrate with the rhythm of class and elegance. The furniture and sitti ng arrangement in the conference room are ordered in a classroom or theater fashion of rows and columns which gives the participants in the conference a comfortable view without any physical strains. The facility is a stunning architectural marvel situated on central London Avenue. Some of the cuisine it features includes the Indian cuisine,

The Cause Of Premature Puberty Children And Young People Essay

The Cause Of Premature Puberty Children And Young People Essay It is usually young girls who are the victims of sexualisation. The media teaches them inappropriate behaviours that are frequent in older women and represents them in a sexualized way. Many young girls look up to models and celebrities. Many teenage girls look up to and copy the hair, makeup and wardrobe of celebrities like Kim Kardashian; who is popular with men and became famous because of a sex tape. Young girls dont want to look like strong successful women who are less attractive. The media puts a strong emphasis on their idea of beauty for example you would see a slim sexy women on a mens magazine however you are less likely to see an overweight women. Many media and entertainment sources promote this ideal beauty image to young girls. For example TV shows and ads, music videos, toys, beauty pageants for under 10 year olds, clothes and magazines all promote sexualisation. Interpersonal relationships with friends, family and teachers can also contribute to sexualizing girls. Parents can encourage girls to have a good appearance and take pride in the way they look which will make them believe this is an important aim for them. Sarah Burge was in the newspapers for controversially giving her 8 year old daughter a cosmetic surgery voucher for liposuction for when she turns 18 she has also admitted to giving her teenage daughter Botox. Girls can also sexualise themselves. They want to buy product that are meant to make them look more sexy and attractive and copy the celebrities who they label sexy. Research in the APA report Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls suggests that teachers can also push sexualisation on girls by encouraging them to be sexualized women. More findings suggest teachers believe girls who are of Black origin are viewed as hypersexual and are not likely to accomplish success in school. Peer pressure also contributes to sexualisation. Over a quarter of teenagers are having sex before 16. Further research from child line suggests that 15% of callers talking about peer pressure connected it with sex. The pressure to have sex came from other girls (NSPCC 2011) The media effects a childs thinking with their focus on looks and appearance shaping how a child views the perfect body image. Teenagers today are getting sex education and socialization mainly from media sources and children are exposed to large amount of explicit sexual content which they cant process. Valuable time for them to develop with their age is taken away (Olfman 2009). In the early 19th century many children were orphaned and pushed into the adult world where they had to work however they managed it to the best of their ability because TV and media didnt have such a big impact as it has today. The media however thinks it is the responsibility of the parents to decide what they let their children watch and to shield them from what they view as inappropriate. Parents allow their children to watch films that are not age appropriate. When a child wants to look different parents automatically panic thinking it is not normal. A child supporting the Goth look can be seen as abno rmal and they are suspected of doing wrong as it is different to the common appearance accepted in society and media. Fredrickson Roberts in 1997 came up with the Objectification theory which suggests several women and girls are sexually objectified and seen and treated as an object only recognized for how other people can use them. According to Bartky it is when the body parts of a female are highlighted and detached from the female as a whole person so she is seen only as a sexual object for a man. This makes a women start evaluating herself and her appearance (APA 2007) Shugarts (2003) did a study on the media and TV coverage of the U.S. womens football team in 1999 to show how the team was sexualized and found 3 ways in which they were sexualized. The first was subtle sexualisation taking place through passive objectification. He found pictures concentrating more on the athletes face instead of her performance. Secondly was less subtle sexualization which took place due to the remarks made by the commentators, the presenters and media. When an athlete took her top off after to celebrate scoring the winning goal they made comments about her breasts. Many male athletes celebrate scoring a goal in football in the same way however their body parts arent commented on the way a womans are. Thirdly vigilant heterosexuality also was seen, again in the remarks made by the commentators when their families appeared in the foreground showing they were not lesbians and had husbands and children. They were stereotyped as lesbians just because they were playing a sport popular with men. This kind of sexualisation makes the athleticism of the female athletes insignificant because the strength of the athlete has been seen as sexual for men and taken as a way of pleasurable for them. Effects of Sexualization Young girls can suffer from poor body Image and low self esteem leading to eating disorders. America the beautiful is a film about perceptions of beauty and media. It shows issues teenagers and children have with their body image because of the media. Gerren Taylor who was a popular model discovered at 12 years old was later told she didnt fit the requirements of a model anymore because she was seen as not thin enough. The film showed a study of the effects TV had on the people of Fiji in the 1990s. The results found that girls in Fiji did not have eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia when there was no TV however 3 years after TV was introduced, around 11% of girls confessed to vomiting in order to lose weight. The film also showed magazine editors who said they dont want ugly people on their magazine covers because they wont sell. This film clearly shows how big of an impact TV and media have on children. Research suggests 4 out of 5 10 year old children are frightened of becom ing fat. A survey was conducted by people magazine and women roughly 80% said pictures of other women on TV and in films made them insecure about themselves (The Eating Disorder Foundation 2005) According to Durham (2009) young girls describe Barbie as having the perfect body. Barbies body interpreted to human size as being tall with a slim waist and big breasts and weighing 110 pounds which according to medical experts is far too skinny. Many women in the entertainment industry also have this Barbie style body. Men and boys also have a fake perception of beauty. The media shows images of men who are tall, handsome, have a full head of hair, strong and muscular. Boys think this is the way they should be. An article in the Independent showed that 12 year old boys are taking muscle building steroids to attract girls. Other effects of sexualisation include depression, poor concentration, risky sexual behaviour and unhappiness in relationships. According to the about kids health (2012) website; 6 hours of some source of media is viewed by a child each day. 12% of comments in prime time TV shows were sexual and had some kind of sexual objectification aimed at women. These TV programs were mostly watched by children and adolescents. Music videos and song lyrics can also be sexualised. 81% have sexual imagery in them which objectifies the women by showing them wearing revealing clothes, dancing provocatively, body parts are emphasized, posing to show sexual readiness. There whole purpose of being in the videos is because they are good to look at (APA 2002) Research shows that 45 prime time TV shows popular with teenagers in 1996 were analyzed and the results showed that the teenagers and young adults in the show spoke about sex and/or displayed some kind of sexual behaviour(Brown 2002). Most horror movies have something sexual in them. Boys arent seen as sexualized victims but girls are. There are scenes of girls undressing, w earing revealing clothing, having showers at the time of the assault. This makes boys watching sexually aroused when the violence takes place. This combination of pleasure and violence is worrying. In Disney films which are primarily aimed at children, current heroines like Pocahontas, Jasmine and Areal are sexier than some other Disney heroines like Cinderella and their bodies are similar to the half naked women you see in magazines. Around 72% of British people think sexualized ads and media is too common these days. 64% said there is a lot more pressure on children to engage in sexualized behaviour with 55% agreeing that they do behave in a sexualized way. 70% believe that there is a lot of inappropriate clothing for children around with 69% agreeing that children are wearing clothes that are not suitable for them in terms of their age. 70% believe parents are too laid back in regards to what they allow their children to watch and a small 16% believed sexualisation is not a bad thing (Yougov/Alice Moran 2012) Another survey conducted by the Australian childhood foundation 2005 discovered 85% of parents alleged that their children are growing up too quickly. The Australian Institute produced a discussion paper on the sexualisation of children in Australia and found there is a pressure for children and pre-teens from advertising companies and this limits a childs freedom to grow in their own time and ways. (Rush and Nauze 2006) They had found that the girls 20% of 5, 6 and 11 year old girls brought magazines such as Disney Girl, Total Girl and Barbie magazine. When analyzing these magazines it was found that they encourage them to look up to celebrities like Lindsay Lohan and Paris Hilton; bearing in mind she was famous for a sex tape and they want girls to look up to her. They also found they teach them to dance in a provocative way, they again have hair, makeup and fashion tips for young girls and encourage them to picture young adult males as their dream boyfriends. All this targeted at girls aged 11 and under. Young girls are exposed to music videos from girl bands like the Pussycat dolls who have worn corsets, mini skirts, knee high boots and other sexualized clothing in their music videos. Many toys are also sexualized for example Bratz dolls have heavy makeup on and are dressed in sexy clothing similar to the Pussycat dolls. These dolls are supposed to be for girls aged 4-8. This could send the wrong message to young girls making them think this is the way they should look and dress this way. It could have a negative effect on boys as they may begin to think this is how every girl should look like. Psychologist Michael Carr-Gregs said kids are being taken out of childhood by unprincipled media and marketers who are only concerned about their own business and profit. I find a hip and sexy 10 year old quite disconcerting. 8 years old girls dont want to be their age anymore instead they want to be 13 (Brooks 2008, page 17) The media construct sex and sexuality in ways which disrupt the healthy sexual development of girls and children. While young they are shown too many pictures and messages about sex and sexuality which can be harmful for them. Young people are having sex too early as shown by the rates of teenage pregnancy in the United States. Nearly 750,000 women and girls ages 15-19 in the United States become pregnant every year. It is also found the STDs are also very common in youngsters ages 13-24. In the United States they were the 17% of people who had been diagnosed with HIV or AIDS (Kost and Henshaw 2012) There can be dangers to sexualisation for example the case of 6 year old child beauty queen JonBenet Ramsay who was killed in her home at just 6 years old. Each night she was shown dressed up like an adult on TV. Her publicity as a child beauty queen exposed her to dangerous individuals. Beauty pageants dress children up as adults training them to compete against each other. These pageants have a strong focus on physical appearance which could affect children when they grow older as they start craving to be physically perfect. The results of a 2005 study showed that children who competed in beauty pageants showed more body dissatisfaction than others. There are many inappropriate kids clothing around today. Finkelstein states that appearance has deceived others for years and clothes can be used to mislead others about age (Brooks 2008, page 80) Sexualisation triggers vulnerability to abuse. According to the NSPCC, an Italian study discovered a link with teenage girls watching porn and them suffering sexual violence. A survey was conducted in 2008 on boys ages 14 to 17 year olds. The results showed 27% were watched adult pornography each week among them 5% were viewing it each day. (NSPCC 2011) Boys get an unrealistic image of sex and relationships by watching pornography. Many girls in relationships suffer sexual or physical abuse and are experience some form of control by their partners. Some research suggests that sexualisation of young children through media does not make them more open to sexual abuse and sees this as one of her myths of child sexual abuse. Sanderson (2006) suggests sexual predators are attracted to childhood innocence instead of a child wearing provocative clothes and make up. As girls ages 7 or 8 are dressing more provocatively, paedophiles are preying on more younger and childlike children. Lolita is a story about a 12 year old girl who attracts her step father unwillingly. He becomes obsessed with her and in the book it is clear that she is a powerless victim of abuse from her stepfather. Durham (2009) found that the media constantly represent her as an immoral little girl or a metaphor for a child vixen. The media makes Lolita look like some kind of sex object for example an article read Bring back school uniforms for little Lolitas This article supported fashions for sexy school girls. A perfume inspired by Lolita also caused controversy. Marc Jacobs Oh Lola perfume was banned by the Advertising Standards Authority because the ad pictured a 17 year old actress with a large perfume bottle in between her legs. As she is underage this is seen as sexualising a child. It is important for parents to be aware and in control of the programs children watch and prevent them watching adult content. Parents should join their children in watching TV to be fully aware of what is being watched. An important point is to speak to children about any sexual behaviours seen and explain what is acceptable and when. This is also a good opportunity to talk about what their thoughts are and whether they are having any problems like peer pressure outside the home. Also to explain the body images they see and discuss what is and what isnt healthy. References Olfman, S.0, (2009) The Sexualization of Childhood. 1st ed. United States: Praeger Publishers Inc. NSPCC. (2011) NSPCC response to the Bailey Review on the Commercialisation and Sexualisation of Childhood . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/inform/policyandpublicaffairs/consultations/2011/bailey_review_wdf81521.pdf. [Accessed 01 November 12]. Brooks, K B, (2008) Consuming Innocence: Popular Culture and Our Children. 1st ed. Australia: University of Queensland Press. The Eating Disorder Foundation (2005) About Eating Disorders. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.eatingdisorderfoundation.org/EatingDisorders.htm#BodyImage. [Accessed 02 November 12]. Durham, M G, (2009) The Lolita Effect: The Media Sexualization of Young Girls and What We Can Do About It. 1st ed. New York: Gerald Duckworth Co Ltd. AboutKidsHealth. (2012). Sexy babies: how sexualization hurts girls. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/News/NewsAndFeatures/Pages/Sexy-babies-how-sexualization-hurts-girls.aspx. [Accessed 07 November 12]. Brown, J D, (2002) Sexual Teens, Sexual Media: Investigating Medias Influence on Adolescent Sexuality. 1st ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Inc. YouGov/Alice Moran. (2012). Sexualisation in the media. [ONLINE] Available at: http://yougov.co.uk/news/2011/06/09/sexualisation-media/. [Accessed 07 November 12]. The Australia Institute/Rush E, Nauze A. (2006). Letting Children Be Children Stopping the sexualisation of children in Australia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.tai.org.au/documents/dp_fulltext/DP93.pdf. [Accessed 09 November 12]. Kost and Henshaw (2012). U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births and Abortions, 2008: National Trends by Age, Race and Ethnicity. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends08.pdf. [Accessed 09 November 12]. Sanderson, C S, (2006). Counselling Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse. 3rd ed. London: Jessica Kingsley Pictures Nick Allen, (2010), JonBenet Ramsey a child beauty queen was brutally murdered in her home in Boulder, Colorado [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8044818/JonBenet-Ramsey-murder-case-reopened.html [Accessed 10 November 12]. Olivia Bergin/Juergen Teller, (2011), Dakota Fannings Oh, Lola! advert for Marc Jacobs [ONLINE]. Available at: http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8876913/Dakota-Fannings-Oh-Lola-advert-for-Marc-Jacobs-is-banned.html [Accessed 10 November 12]. The Society Pages/Lisa Wade. (2011) ADULTIFICATION SEXUALIZATION OF GIRLS IN FRENCH VOGUE. [ONLINE] Available at: http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2011/01/08/adultification-and-sexualization-of-girls-in-french-vogue/. [Accessed 07 November 12]. monicahicks, (2011), Starting too young? [ONLINE]. Available at: http://monicahicks.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/38/ [Accessed 11 November 12]. Rebecca M Gruber, (2011), 5 items that are too racy for baby [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.lilsugar.com/Inappropriate-Clothes-Kids-14431123 [Accessed 11 November 12]. Lucy Waterlow, (2012), Controversial: Sarah gave daughter Hannah Botox injections when she was just a teenager [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2139468/Sarah-Burge-Human-Barbie-set-launch-daughter-Poppy-US-pageant-scene.html [Accessed 11 November 12].

The Cell Essay -- essays research papers

The Cell Theory The cell theory states that all living matter is made up of cells and some living organisms consist of a single cell. Other cells serve a special purpose within advanced organisms like nerve cells. One theory of a cell states that the first form of life on this earth consisted of a lot of different types of small protocells. Protocells are cell like organism. These organisms were able to reproduce in a very limited environment because they are so simple. After many years some of the protocells came together and shared their DNA with each other. These protocells eventually became the cells we are studying now. Type of Cells   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two types of cells one is the Prokaryote, a Prokaryote is a cell with no nucleus or organelles with membranes, the other, a Eukaryotes are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles and are surrounded by a membrane. Cell Structure Thin membranes surround cells; this is called the cell membranes, they separate the inside from the out. The cell membrane is just like the other organelles in a cell because it has its own specialized jobs. One of its jobs is to control what enters and exits the cell and to protect the cell. Cell membranes are made up of fats with big protein molecules inside them. Molecules move across cell membranes by two processes diffusion or active transport. Diffusion is the movement from a high level of molecules to a low level of molecules. Molecules can diffuse across membranes through the ph... The Cell Essay -- essays research papers The Cell Theory The cell theory states that all living matter is made up of cells and some living organisms consist of a single cell. Other cells serve a special purpose within advanced organisms like nerve cells. One theory of a cell states that the first form of life on this earth consisted of a lot of different types of small protocells. Protocells are cell like organism. These organisms were able to reproduce in a very limited environment because they are so simple. After many years some of the protocells came together and shared their DNA with each other. These protocells eventually became the cells we are studying now. Type of Cells   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two types of cells one is the Prokaryote, a Prokaryote is a cell with no nucleus or organelles with membranes, the other, a Eukaryotes are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles and are surrounded by a membrane. Cell Structure Thin membranes surround cells; this is called the cell membranes, they separate the inside from the out. The cell membrane is just like the other organelles in a cell because it has its own specialized jobs. One of its jobs is to control what enters and exits the cell and to protect the cell. Cell membranes are made up of fats with big protein molecules inside them. Molecules move across cell membranes by two processes diffusion or active transport. Diffusion is the movement from a high level of molecules to a low level of molecules. Molecules can diffuse across membranes through the ph...

Injuries in the Nfl

National Football League Injury Controversy In America sports are important but football seems to be vastly more important and more widely known as a specifically American sport. The overwhelming topic on any sports network such as ESPN and the NFL Network are the growing number of lawsuits against the National Football League concerning head injuries and lack of concern that the leaders of the NFL had about the risk players were being put in.Both sides of the lawsuits are passionate about their ideas and making sure that they are not only heard but that action will take place to resolve the situation as a whole. George Orwell states that â€Å"one can choose – not simply accept – the phrases that will best cover the meaning, and then switch around and decide what impression one’s words are likely to make on another person†. (115) The power of words can make or break an argument; the words surrounding the NFL Controversy are no different inevitable, perman ent and intentionally misleading players putting them at serious health risk.Inevitability is the strongest stance that the leaders on the National Football League have against the concussion controversy. Football is one of the most barbaric, brutal sports played in America it is a high contact sport that is known for the big hits during crucial moments in a game. Because of the nature of the game there has always been protective equipment that the players are required to wear, one of the most important being the helmet.Players are signing contracts with various teams knowing that they are involved in a contact sport and that there is a guarantee that they will be hit. (Rovell) There is no way to stop a player from the opposing team that is running at their full speed to just stop on a dime and not make contact with a player, it simply goes against physics. Rules have recently been put in place fining players for helmet to helmet contact but you cannot knock out the contact entirely without changing the dynamics of the entire game.The NFL choses to use the word inevitable to describe there is not a clear answer to stop contact all together, the players know how the game is played and what risks are involved, thus proving that the players must have had prior knowledge to the issue and the potential risk to serious injury. The entire controversy began as more and more ex-players were being diagnosed with permanent debilitating neurological disorders. (Anderson) The NFL says this is typical udging by the age range and the regression of the brain as we age, but now there are ex-players in their late 50s and early 60s being diagnosed which is out of character. So it is more or less being swept under the rug as something that is human nature and out of their hands. Most neurological problems can be treated and progression is slowed but the issues are ultimately incurable. Getting a diagnosis of a permanent injury is unimaginable. To most it would be seen as a form o f a death sentence, just biding your time before the disorder takes over and your life is cut short.Psychologically one would begin to question the life they have lived and attempt to adjust to your new normal because the fact is simply there is no going back. Ex-players and family members are using the word permanence to push the feeling of the final stage, and to realize that you’re at your peak and there is nowhere but down. Using this particular word in this context brings up a morbid feeling of looming illness and finally death do to the carelessness of the NFL.The main point in the case against the National Football League is that they intentionally mislead players and put them at a serious health risk later on in life, by not having the players properly evaluated after suffering from a head injury. Treatments were not regulated and initial baseline testing was being cheated by players so if they did suffer a head injury they would have a larger margin of error and coul d continue playing. Coaches needed star players so a debilitating injury like a concussion that has a long recovery time was not an option.Owners and coaches knew sitting a player for weeks on injury reserve would most likely cost them the season and in some cases their jobs and lively hoods so reports would be scrubbed and false information would be recorded to insure the player would return the following week. Using the phrase intentionally misleading players leads one to believe there was prior knowledge of possible serious complications with repeated blows to the head that went untreated.The power of words and make or break an argument just as it is in the NFL injury controversy. The use of words and phrases are â€Å"designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind†. (Orwell,116) Language allows the audience to pick a side of the argument, align themselves and share the same ideas with one side or the other. Having the power to use these trigger words keeps an ongoing chain of support, they are words that are relatable something for an individual to grab onto and run with.If you are arguing a point you are trying to get someone on your side and to believe that you are saying so you want to appeal to their logic, emotion, and purpose in the most strait forward way which would be the use of language. Work Cited Anderson, Paul D. NFL Concussion Litigation. 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. Orwell, George. â€Å"politics and the English Language. † The McGraw-Hill: Issues Across The Disciplines. 11th edition. Ed. Gilbert Muller. New York: McGraw-Hill,2011. Print. 106-116. Rovell, Darren. ESPN NFL. League files to dismiss lawsuits, 2012. Web. 31 Jan. 2013.

How To Say Again in Spanish

How To Say Again in Spanish Although Spanish has no single word that means again, it has at least three common ways of expressing the concept. They are usually interchangeable. Key Takeaways: 'Again' in Spanish The most common way of expressing the concept of again in Spanish is by using the verb volver followed by a and an infinitive.The adverbial phrases otra vez and de nuevo also are frequently used to mean again.The phrase una y otra vez can be used to strongly emphasize the concept of again. Volver a + Infinitive Volver typically means to turn or to return, but when followed by the preposition a and an infinitive it is perhaps the most common way of saying again. If you think of volver a as meaning to return to, you can see how it can be used in all tenses and moods. Nunca volverà © a trabajar en esta ciudad. (I will never again work in this city.)Es probable que no vuelva a escribir. (She probably isnt writing again.)El jefe vuelve a vender acciones de Microsoft. (The boss is again selling shares in Microsoft.)Es importante que volvamos a tener un cierto respeto por el acto de comer. (It is important that we again have a certain respect for the act of eating.)Costanzo volvià ³ a defenderse. (Costanzo again defended himself.)No quiero que vuelvas a llorar. (I dont want you to cry again.)Quiero volver a viajar con mi madre a Buenos Aires. (I want to travel again with my mother to Buenos Aires.) Otra Vez Literally, otra vez means another time. Note that una should not precede this phrase. Its use is especially common in partial sentences, i.e., ones with no verb. In complete sentences, otra vez, like most adverbs, is usually placed next to (either directly before or after) or after the verb it modifies. The same is true for other again phrase show below. Siento que otra vez va a pasar lo mismo. (I feel the same thing is going to happen again.)Mucha tarea otra vez. (Much homework again.)Est otra vez de moda. (Its in style again.)Parece que olvidaron otra vez explicarme el problema. (It seems that they again forgot to explain the problem to me.)El mecanismo empezà ³ otra vez a responder. (The mechanism began to respond again.) De Nuevo Like otra vez, de nuevo can be used in partial sentences without a verb. Unlike the English equivalent of anew, its closest equivalent, de nuevo has colloquial as well as formal usage. Brasil, de nuevo campeà ³n mundial. (Brazil, again the world champion.)Voy a escribir de nuevo a usted tambià ©n. (Im going to write to you again.)Hace unos meses me hablà ³ de nuevo. (A few months ago she spoke to me again.)Empezarà © de nuevo sin mirar atrs. (I will begin again without looking back.)Tan pronto la tenemos, contactaremos de nuevo contigo. (As soon as we have it, we will contact you again.) Miscellaneous Translations of 'Again' A common equivalent of again and again is una y otra vez. El nuevo presidente se contradice una y otra vez. (The president contradicts himself again and again.)Es importante escuchar una y otra vez. (It is important to listen again and again.) ¿Hay pelà ­culas que podrà ­as ver una y otra vez sin cansarte? (Are there movies you could see again and again without getting tired of them?) There are a few idioms where again doesnt mean another time. Among them are its uses in the phrase now and again, which can be translated as de vez en cuando, and the phrase then again, which can be translated as por otra parte. Los delfines nos visitan de vez en cuando. (Dolphins visit us now and again. You could also translate this sentence to English using phrases such as occasionally and from time to time.)Si no te equivocas de vez en cuando, es que no lo intentas. (If you dont make a mistake now and again, its because you arent trying.)Por otra parte, no vamos a confiar en este software. (Then again, we arent going to trust this software. You also could translate this sentence using phrases such as on the other hand or furthermore, depending on the context.)Por otra parte, no queremos acusar a ellos de ser locos. (Then again, we dont want to accuse them of being crazy.)

Learn About the History of Polyester

Learn About the History of Polyester Polyester is a synthetic fiber derived from coal, air, water and petroleum. Developed in a 20th-century laboratory, polyester fibers are formed from a chemical reaction between an acid and alcohol. In this reaction, two or more molecules combine to make a large molecule whose structure repeats throughout its length. Polyester fibers can form very long molecules that are very stable and strong. Whinfield and Dickson Patent the Basis of Polyester British  chemists John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson, employees of the Calico Printers Association of Manchester, patented polyethylene terephthalate (also called PET or PETE) in 1941, after advancing the early research of  Wallace Carothers. Whinfield and Dickson saw that Carotherss research had not investigated the polyester formed from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Polyethylene terephthalate is the basis of synthetic fibers such as polyester, dacron and terylene. Whinfield and Dickson along with inventors W.K. Birtwhistle and C.G. Ritchiethey also created the first polyester fiber called Terylene in 1941 (first manufactured by Imperial Chemical Industries or ICI). The second polyester fiber was Duponts Dacron. Dupont According to  Dupont, In the late 1920s, DuPont was in direct competition with Britain’s recently formed Imperial Chemical Industries. DuPont and ICI agreed in October 1929 to share information about patents and research developments. In 1952, the companies’ alliance was dissolved... The polymer that became polyester has roots in the 1929 writings of Wallace Carothers. However, DuPont chose to concentrate on the more promising nylon research. When DuPont resumed its polyester research, ICI had patented Terylene polyester, to which DuPont purchased the U.S. rights in 1945 for further development. In 1950, a pilot plant at the Seaford, Delaware, facility produced Dacron [polyester] fiber with modified nylon technology. Duponts polyester research lead to a whole range of trademarked products, one example is Mylar (1952), an extraordinarily strong polyester (PET) film that grew out of the development of Dacron in the early 1950s. Polyesters are made from chemical substances found mainly in petroleum and are manufactured in fibers, films, and plastics. DuPont Teijin Films According to Dupont Teijin Films, Plain polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyester is most commonly associated with a material from which cloth and high-performance clothing are produced (e.g., DuPont Dacron ® polyester fiber). Increasingly over the last 10 years, PET has gained acceptance as a material of choice for beverage bottles. PETG, also known as glycolised polyester, is used in the production of cards. Polyester film (PETF) is a semi-crystalline film used in many applications such as videotape,   high-quality packaging, professional photographic printing, X-ray film, floppy disks, etc.    DuPont Teijin Films (founded January 1, 2000) is a leading supplier of PET and PEN polyester films whose brand names incude: Mylar  ®, Melinex  ®, and Teijin  ® Tetoron  ® PET polyester film, Teonex  ® PEN polyester film, and Cronar  ® polyester photographic base film. Naming an invention actually involves developing at least two names. One name is the generic name. The other name is the brand name or trademark. For example, Mylar  ® and Teijin  ® are brand names; polyester film or polyethylene terephthalate are the generic or product names.

Brain Death Scenario Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brain Death Scenario - Term Paper Example The battle intensifies and begins to disrupt the medical and nursing staff. Thesis Brain death is a physiological condition which is underpinned by heavy legal, ethical and medical implications and must therefore be handled with a wholesome and informed approach. Purpose of the paper The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical, legal and medical implications that surround brain death, and to divulge on how physicians should handle brain death. a) Ethical Issues Surrounding the Situation One of the ethical issues is that of organ donation or harvesting. The law consents that organs can be harvested from patients who are brain dead, provided that all provisions specified within the law are observed. This is because, brain death can lead to legal death despite the patient’s heartbeats and respiration being sustained through mechanical ventilation, thereby making the sustenance of vital organs for organ transplantation very possible. In this case, it is impossible to carry out organ harvesting since the patient’s brain death has not been conclusively established. This failure to establish the patient’s status precludes the law of any jurisdiction since all laws only give injunctions on where the patient’s status is clear. Thus, whether the patient is an automatic donor or not does not yet apply. In almost the same wavelength, organ transplant cannot be carried out because the consent of the next-of-kin or family members is a prerequisite for organ donation, if the patient had previously not stated his desire to be a donor. Nonetheless, even in this case, organ harvesting and donation will be ethically impossible since the patient’s family members are in total disagreement (Dubler, 2011). Another ethical twist to this matter concerns the scarcity of healthcare or medical resources. Because healthcare or medical resources are scarce and barely able to satisfy its large demand, there is pressure that such resources are extend ed to only viable cases. It is against this backdrop that brain dead patients who are non-organ donors are disconnected from the ventilator and drug support so that cardiac death may subsequently ensue. However, in this case, the patient must not be denied the ventilator, drugs and all manner of healthcare support since it has not yet been established whether the patient is brain-dead or not. Physicians must always diagnose the patient fully, in order to know his status, before administering any form of medical intervention on any patient. The case in point is not only applicable, but is also serious, warranting thorough diagnosis. b) Legal Issues Relating to This Situation Though physicians are the ones who ascertain whether legal criteria of death have been satisfied or not, it is the law that sets the criteria by which the description of death is to be done. Thus, it is important to reiterate the fact that the patient, despite his state of brain death, is legally still alive. The reason for this patient being rendered alive is twofold. First, it is important to note that even when legal indicators of life (respiration and heartbeat) are being artificially run (through the use of a ventilator), the patient is still considered living. Secondly, the law marks death as having taken place upon legal consequences starting to take effect. The most serious legal consequence is the distribution of the patient’s estate either under intestacy or a will. Another consequence is the

Identify a contract issued by the City of Chicago in 2013, briefly Essay

Identify a contract issued by the City of Chicago in 2013, briefly - Essay Example The company delves into the programmatic and operational difficulties that government agencies experience and assist in finding for solutions to such difficulties. Bronner Group was issued this contract on May 20th, 2013. The contract was to offer target business financial consulting services on compliance audits in the department of procurement services (City of Chicago 1-4). The Chicago City issued Bronner Group two contracts in 2013. These contracts were contract numbers 28193 and 27778. Bronner Group Company was awarded 140, 000 US dollars for Contract 28193 (City of Chicago 1). However, contract 27778 was a contract that depended upon requirements. A contract that depends upon conditions is a contract with unspecified quantities of services or goods in which the City of Chicago places orders when need arises. City of Chicago. City of Chicago Economic Disclosure Statement and Affidavit Related to Contract/Amendment/Solicitation. Chicago: City of Chicago,  2014. Web. 29  Mar.  2014.

Strategic analysis of a company and its competitive environment Essay - 2

Strategic analysis of a company and its competitive environment - Essay Example The company capitalises in the distribution high quality, stylish and great value home products and clothing. The business is also popular in selling food products, fashioned clothes, gifts, and home furnishing. The company has also establishment in financial service segment. In addition to coming up with effective means that can support its development, the business success can also be linked to its affordable prices of its products. In addition, the business vision is to offer great quality value and services. The business popularity is largely enhanced by its quality products as well as its ability to distribute products that meets international standards. The current success of Marks & Spencer can also be attributed to its effective and operational management strategies as well as it reliable and affordable promotion strategies (Burns, 2008, p. 12). Internal Analysis of the Firm Political stability in United Kingdom has proved to be effective in facilitating the success of Marks & Spencer. However, the Iraq civil conflict largely affects the activities and operations in Marks & Spencer. This is owing to the fact that, the business has several branches in Iraq. The political changes in United Kingdom have also affected the activities and operations of the business. ... The existing social situation in United Kingdom has also changed the customer concept in the market. This has forced the company to figure out and come up with new fashions that will meet the interest of its customers. In addition, the price sensitivity has produced a more competitive environment. Although a good number of the business products are old fashioned, the company has adopted new strategies of increasing its sales with limited loss. The new technology has also been vital in communicating new products to its customers. The company is currently relying on online services to promote its products in new markets. The new technology is also useful in identifying products that can meet the demands of its customers. Just like any other business in global market, Marks & Spencer has also been significantly affected by global warming. To counter the impact of environmental challenges, the company has introduced mechanisms that could be used to advance business operations. For instan ce, the business has embarked on a mechanism that aims at recycling plastic products. Marks & Spencer also sell legally acceptable products to its customers. In addition, the business sells high quality products that meet the set international and local standards (King, 2007, p.21). Compared to other competitors in the market, Marks & Spencer competitive rivalry is high. Studies have confirmed that Marks & Spencer faces high rivalry in clothing sector from new entrance in the market. The company is also facing huge competition in food industry for Sainsbury and Tesco. The company bargaining power of buyers is also high. This is owing to the fact that other huge retailers in their area of coverage surround the

Fire Prevention and Safety using modern technology Essay Example for Free

Fire Prevention and Safety using modern technology Essay Technology has helped us in preventing fire incidents. Fire prevention is a proactive way of minimizing the damages or harm caused by a fire incident. It is the responsibility of fire departments which mostly have a Fire Prevention Officer as their head. The function of fire prevention is to spread awareness on how to take precautions against fire. Fire fighters, on the other hand, are assigned the task of extinguishing fires. Fire fighters are also dependant on technology to extinguish fire. All the equipments they use are the consequence on technology. To sum it up, technology has helped us in preventing fire as well as extinguishing it when need be. Technology has helped us enhance our fire safety measures. Fire safety comprises of the precautions we take to decrease the probability of a fire that may be fatal, injurious to people and hazardous to the property. This research paper would analyze how technology helps us prevent and extinguish fire. Modern technology has given us many types of equipment that have helped us prevent fire incidents. In most of the buildings today a fire retardant material is used during construction. There are also some electronic devices such as the smoke detectors. The biggest sign of fire is the smoke. Wherever there is fire, there is smoke. So the fire detectors help identify this symptom. These devices are also very affordable. Many building have smoke detectors in all rooms. It has become a necessary home security appliance. Smoke detectors are perfect for slow kindling fires but for combustible gas explosions modern technology has come up with the gas detectors. Smoke detectors are one of the most important fire safety devices. Natural gas and petroleum gas are the two most widely used gases in daily lives. Due to their harmful nature and properties, any gas leaks could result in dangerous explosions. Gas detectors are continuously monitoring the air and they immediately identify the change in surroundings if there is a gas leakage. They come with audible and visual alarm systems to alert people of the gas leakage. Hence, appropriate action can be taken in time to minimize the consequences. Gas detectors are a useful invention and should be positioned where gas leaks are most expected. Another example of technology that helps us in preventing fire is the fire alarm system. The fire alarm systems come in various varieties. They range from the simple manual alarms to the ones that give verbal warnings of any fire detection. A control panel, notification device, building safety interface and power supply make up a typical fire alarm system. The above mentioned gas and smoke detectors are the initiation devices that inform the alarm that a fire has been detected. Manual alarm system depends on people to detect fire and pull the manual alarm. Some of the other detectors used are the flame detectors and the heat detectors. The notification devices help in informing the people to evacuate the building because of the fire. Many of these devices send a direct signal to the closest fire department. Some of these devices are built to give verbal announcements, and also a visual display for the hearing impaired. The most modern of these devices that are installed in large buildings also provide evacuation instructions so that people evacuate the area in which fire was detected. There are various types of smoke alarms. They mostly fall in the categories of ionization alarms and photoelectric alarms. The former is better for fast flaming fire and the latter is more appropriate for the smoke fire. The combination of both these is the dual sensor smoke alarms (US Fire Administration, 2010). Wireless smoke alarms are one of the latest technological advancement as far as fire alarm systems are concerned. The wireless smoke alarm come in two different categories: Battery powered and Alternate Current powered. The battery powered smoke alarm is just like a normal fire alarm with no wire which saves the families the hassle of wiring and rewiring. The AC powered alarm systems is much more modern and aid in increasing the coverage of the alarm system. So, many smoke alarms can be replace by just a single AC powered alarm system A fire extinguisher, like the fire sprinkler system, is an active fire protection device rather a preventive one. It can not help in cases where there is a large out of control fire. However, it is most appropriate for fires that are limited to the ceilings of the buildings. There are two types of extinguishers: stored pressure and cartridge-operated. In the stored pressure fire extinguisher, the fire fighting agent and the expellant are stored in one chamber. Propellants are chosen keeping in mind the nature of the fire fighting agent. The nitrogen gas is used when the agent is any dry chemical extinguisher. Air is used when there the watery or foamy chemical extinguishers are present. On the other hand, in the cartridge operated extinguishers, the expellant gas and the fire fighting agent are in different chambers. The cartridge containing the expellant is punctured before the propellant and extinguishing agents are exposed to each other. The cartridge operated extinguisher is mostly used in industries where extinguishers have to be used time and again. The benefit these extinguishers give is the prompt recharge. The cartridge operated extinguishers use compressed carbon dioxide whereas the stored pressure extinguishers use nitrogen. Fire extinguishers can be further categorized into handheld and cart-mounted extinguishers. Cart-mounted extinguishers are also known as wheeled extinguishers. Handheld extinguishers are mostly used in homes or small workplaces or schools. The wheeled extinguishers are used in industrial sites, marines, airports, docks and heliports. They are much larger in size and bulky in weight. A fire sprinkler system comprises of a water supply that helps in extinguishing the fire. It is not a preventive tool but rather a cure. It supplies water with sufficient pressure just as the fire is detected. Initially expensive, it has become more affordable with the passage of time. Only a very few people have a fire sprinkler system installed at their homes. However most of them have smoke detectors. Smoke detectors are very important for the building’s safety. However, the best possible safety comes with the installation of fire sprinklers. They do not just help you detect fire but unlike the smoke detectors they help extinguishing it and saving lives. It is very popular in industries but still is not very much utilized in residences. Smoke detectors and sprinklers work best together. Smoke detectors identify the fire and set off the sprinklers. Sprinklers supply water with pressure and extinguish the fire. The only disadvantage of installing a fire sprinkler is that ones the fire has been extinguished people realize that all their belongings have been soaked in water. However this is a little price to pay if the sprinklers help save us our life (Smith, 2008). Technology has been a vital source of fire safety. Technology has always been a source of argument: some favor it, other oppose it. Where some people say that technology itself is the source of most fire incidents, others argue that technology has come up with equipments and devices such as various fire detectors and extinguishers. The contribution of technology in fire safety can not be ignored. To prevent fire, technology has given us smoke detectors, heat detectors, gas detectors, flame detectors and a variety of fire alarm systems. To extinguish fire, technology has provided for us several kinds of fire extinguishers and fire sprinkler systems. We should all make use of such devices and minimize the damage that fire can cause us. Fire incidents are very common and it would be a mistake on our part if we ignore dangers it can cause. References Bellis. M, Fire Sprinkler Systems, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blfiresprinkler. htmUK Fire Service Resources Edwards. T, (2009), Automatic Fire Sprinklers for Your Home, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://ezinearticles. com/? Automatic-Fire-Sprinklers-For-Your-Homeid=321091Group, (2009), Smoke Alarms and Detectors, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://www. fireservice. co. uk/safety/smokealarms. php Safety Products Unlimited, (2009), Kidde Wireless System Components, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://safetyproductsunlimited. com/wireless_smoke_alarm. html Smith R J, (2008), Residential Fire Sprinkler System Advantages, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://ezinearticles. com/? Residential-Fire-Sprinkler-System-Advantagesid=1388738 Santarpia. F, (2010), more security with a fire sprinkler in your house, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://ezinearticles. com/? More-Security-With-a-Fire-Sprinkler-in-Your-Houseid=2229457 US Fire Administration, (December 17, 2010) Smoke Alarms, Retrieved May 22, 2010 from: http://www. usfa. dhs. gov/citizens/all_citizens/home_fire_prev/alarms/